Contacten1

In various documents and books, people are mentioned with whom Tobias had contact during the war. This section lists the people he was in contact with before he fled to England. The order is random.

Reinder Lieuwes Bangma.
Friend of Tobias; worked with him at the distribution center of Het Parool. Like Tobias, he lived in Santpoort, Wustelaan 94. He probably went into hiding together with Benny Biallosterski on the farm of Gerrit Hendrik Hofs in Varsseveld. After escaping to England, he became an agent of the BBO, Mission WHIMPER.

Berthus de Goede.
Classmate of Rein Bangma at the Maritime School in Amsterdam. He went into hiding in Varsseveld with farmer Jolink, near the Hofs farm. He ensured that there were enough distribution agents in Gelderland for the dissemination of Het Parool. He also escaped to England and became an agent of the BBO, mission name RUMMY.

Anton Bangma.
Friend of Tobias and brother of Rein Bangma. He was a contributor to the illegal newspaper BC Nieuws, which later merged into Je Maintiendrai. He went into hiding in Amsterdam at an address on Zoomstraat 53.

Henny Meyer.
Owner of a chain of shops. He began publishing the illegal newspaper BC Nieuws in Santpoort. He was also actively involved in hiding Jews. He was wanted by the Gestapo. (Tobias helped him on a small scale with the distribution of BC Nieuws.)

Willy (Wilhelmina Maria) Gutteling, born on 11 September 1915 in Buitenzorg, Java, Dutch East Indies. She died on 15 May 2000 in Deventer, the Netherlands.
Her brother Christiaan Gutteling also escaped to England by sea via Anton Schrader’s escape line. Initially, Gutteling worked for some time as a forced laborer on a tugboat in Germany. He escaped from the Netherlands after skipper Kees Koole transported a group of 11 people on 5 May 1943 with his cargo ship Nooit Volmaakt to the Haringvliet; from there, the journey to England continued by motorboat. The very next day, around 12:00 noon, they were picked up by the British Navy and taken to Harwich. Her mother was named Henriette Christine van Stokkum, possibly related to Dick and Suze van Stokkum? Willy Gutteling lived at Beeklaan 450 in The Hague.
(She introduced Tobias to Anton Schrader.)

Adriaan de Bak, lived on the Rijksstraatweg in Santpoort. He was involved with BC Nieuws and Je Maintiendrai. (Who has more information about him?)

Henk Pelser, for more information: www.henkswar.com

Frans Goedhart.
Frans Johannes Goedhart, born on 25 January 1904 in Amsterdam and died on 3 March 1990 in Amsterdam, was a Dutch politician, resistance fighter, and journalist. Under the pseudonym Pieter ’t Hoen, he was active as a resistance fighter during the Second World War and founded the illegal resistance newspaper Het Parool. On behalf of the Labour Party (PvdA), he was a member of the House of Representatives of the States General from 1946 to 1970. In 1970, together with fellow MP Wybrand Schuitemaker, he formed the Group Goedhart faction, which had split from the PvdA, and he was among the founders of the new political party DS’70. In 1971, he left parliament.
After the outbreak of the Second World War, Goedhart illegally published the Nieuwsbrief van Pieter ’t Hoen, containing political opinion articles about the situation in which the Netherlands had found itself. After receiving support from several like-minded people, including SDAP chairman Koos Vorrink, the newsletter was transformed into the illegal newspaper Het Parool. In January 1942, Goedhart was arrested together with politician Herman Wiardi Beckman on the beach of Scheveningen while attempting to flee to England. Goedhart was sentenced to death but managed to escape from captivity on 2 August 1943 during a transport from Camp Vught. He resumed his work for Het Parool and contributed to a basic program for a socialist renewal of democracy. Immediately after the liberation of the Netherlands, Goedhart successively became a member of the National Advisory Committee and the Emergency Parliament. For his resistance activities, he was awarded the American Medal of Freedom. However, he was not appointed editor-in-chief of the post-war Parool; that position went instead to his near namesake Gerrit Jan van Heuven Goedhart. Frans Goedhart remained associated with Het Parool for another ten years as editor and chairman of the foundation. In 1955, he left after a conflict with editor-in-chief Koets.

Koos Vorrink.
According to Tobias, one of the editors-in-chief. Vorrink, however, left Het Parool after the arrest of Wiardi Beckman in January 1942. Tobias was not yet a member of the committee at that time..

Jan Stallinga, alias Eduard, or Joop. He was arrested on 20 December, together with H.J. Bakker, C. van Dijk, and Jaap Lambeck. In the prison in Scheveningen, Jan Stallinga was confronted with Johan Grün (BRUTUS), who had already been arrested earlier and whom he had met via Janny Rebel (the secretary of Hans Warendorf). Stallinga’s interrogation began on 7 January 1944. He revealed quite a lot, and on 21 January 1944 a first wave of arrests followed. A second wave followed on 7 and 8 March. In July 1944, all were brought before the court. Stallinga himself was released by the SiPo on 4 May 1944 on the condition that he would work for the SiPo. The Parool staff members who were still at liberty, however, no longer wanted any direct contact with him, especially since Stallinga had begun an affair with the wife of Frans Goedhart.

Hans Warendorf.
J.C.S. Warendorf, jurist. Born on 15 April 1902 in Amsterdam, died on 15 October 1987 in Amersfoort. (Tobias knew him only by name, as Hans had already left for England before Tobias joined Het Parool; this must therefore have been after October 1942.)

Jan Bakker.
Corporal aircraft mechanic Jan Bakker enlisted in the Royal Netherlands Navy in 1933 and served, among other postings, for 2.5 years at the naval air base Morokrembangan. He died in 1944 and was initially buried in Friesland. In 1945, through the efforts of the War Graves Foundation, he was reburied with full military honors at the National Cemetery in Den Helder. Tobias knew him as a member of the OD in Santpoort.
(In Zevenhuizen, in the province of Groningen, a mass execution took place on 24 October 1944. One of the victims was a man named Jan Bakker.)

Siem Bakker.
He was a torpedo specialist with the Royal Netherlands Navy and a member of the OD in Santpoort. Tobias knew him because he too was a member of the OD.

Reginald Giddey.
RAF officer. He was brought to Amsterdam by Gottlieb and stayed for two weeks with Tobias and Rein Bangma at their lodging at Oudezijds Achterburgwal 118 in Amsterdam. (He was taken by Tobias to Rotterdam.) From there, someone else took over to escort him to Brussels. This would have been Jean.

Iet.
Tobias met this Belgian woman through Henk Pelser. She worked for the courier line of Het Parool. According to Tobias, she lived at Nicolaas Maesstraat 48 in Amsterdam. Henk Pelser also occasionally used this address as a hiding place. (Could she be Lison Muntz, a friend of Hans Warendorf?)

Jean.
Belgian courier who was to escort Giddey further on to Brussels. According to Tobias, Jean was married to Iet. Jean indeed took over Giddey from Tobias at Bergweg railway station in Rotterdam and escorted him to Brussels, where Giddey was handed over to an “English” escape organization. (I cannot get any further with this; surely this cannot be Jean Weidner? Was Iet his wife or not, or was this also a “cover story”?)

Van Schagen.
Photographer, lived on Ferdinand Bolstraat in Amsterdam. He made the passport photos for Giddey’s false identity papers. (Tobias had known him since before the war, and he never asked any questions.)

Ken Shannon.
RAF observer. Sheltered by Balder and transported to Amsterdam disguised as a firefighter. RAF no. 623175. Address: Upper Tellington Park, London N4.

James Guy.
RAF wireless operator. Sheltered by Balder and transported to Amsterdam, also disguised as a firefighter. RAF no. 11300249. Address: The Warren, 42 Monkhams Drive, Woodford Green, Essex.

Gotlib.
Hendrikus Martinus Jan Gottlieb, born on 13 January 1916 in The Hague. Executed by firing squad on 6 November 1944 at the Waalsdorpervlakte. Henk Gottlieb, alias Blonde Henk, was stationed in The Hague in 1940 as a professional soldier. After the capitulation, he joined the Marechaussee and was stationed in Broek op Langendijk. From 1943, as part of the LO (Dutch resistance), he assisted people in hiding and transported downed British airmen to Amsterdam while wearing his Marechaussee uniform. After his transfer in May 1943 to the public prosecutor’s office of the The Hague court, he continued, both in and outside the LO network, to assist people in hiding.
From mid-1944, as a member of the KP (Resistance Group) around Willem Hanegraaf, he was involved in raids on a distribution office in Doorn, the Agricultural Central, a branch post office, and a cash transport vehicle in The Hague. In addition, he participated in setting fire to the glider factory H. Pander & Zn in Rijswijk. Together with W. Lindeman, on 24 September 1944, he scouted an area south of Zoeterwoude to raid a barge on the Vliet loaded with ammunition and food for Germany. During a shootout, Lindeman was killed.
On 12 October 1944, the SiPo raided the "resistance address" at Laan van N.O.-Indië 240. Dozens of people were subsequently arrested, including Gottlieb, his fiancée, and Hanegraaf. After being transferred to the prison in Scheveningen, he was executed by firing squad on 6 November at the Waalsdorpervlakte.
(He worked with Jaap Balder and at least escorted Giddey to Amsterdam. Tobias knew him through his involvement in hiding Jews and moving British airmen. According to an execution list found online, Willem Hanegraaf and Henk Gottlieb were executed in Utrecht on 6 November 1944.)

Bram Kuyper.
Full name Abraham Kornelis Kuiper, born on 28 August 1922 in Arnhem. Executed on 23 October 1943 in the dunes near Overveen, municipality of Zandvoort.
Bram Kuiper studied biology at the University of Amsterdam from 1941, after completing the gymnasium-alpha final exam and the state gymnasium-beta exam. He lived in the Nieuwe Suykerhofje at Prinsengracht 385-393. Many residents of the hofje were active in the resistance; for example, Henk Pelser and Dick van Stokkum developed the escape route later known as “De Zwitserse Weg” in late 1942.
Kuiper distributed the illegal newspapers De Waarheid, De Vrije Katheder, and Het Parool (150 copies per month). Through the student resistance, he came into contact, like his brother Sape, with the resistance group CS-6 and was involved in preparing sabotage attacks. He also forged identity cards for people in hiding and passports for Jews trying to escape to Switzerland.
On 2 April 1943, Bram Kuiper was among more than fifteen people arrested by the SiPo at the Nieuwe Suykerhofje. After being released a month later, he continued to live in hiding, partly because he had refused to sign the loyalty declaration.
In mid-1943, he went to Antwerp to check the reliability of an escape route to Switzerland. At the end of June 1943, he was arrested there or in Brussels and transferred to St. Gilles prison. From 28 August to 12 October 1943, he was held in the prison in Scheveningen, and afterwards in the Weteringschans prison in Amsterdam.

Sape Kuyper.
Full name Sape Kuiper, born on 3 February 1924 in Arnhem. Executed by firing squad on 1 October 1943 in the dunes near Overveen, municipality of Zandvoort. He was only 19 years old.
ape Kuiper studied civil engineering at the Delft University of Technology from 1941, after completing his HBS-B diploma in Amsterdam. In the fall of 1942, he completed his propaedeutic exams, and in May 1943 he went into hiding. As a member of the resistance group CS-6, which also included his brother Bram, he initially assisted Jewish compatriots.
After CS-6 came into contact with resistance member G.W. (Gerrit) Kastein and the communist MC in the second half of 1942, Sape Kuiper became involved in armed resistance. Together with L.H. (Leo) Frijda and O.T. (Otto) Thomson, he manufactured incendiary devices (such as the so-called Vimbus bombs), which were used, among other things, in an attempted arson attack on the Amsterdam Rembrandt cinema, where German propaganda films were shown. Sape Kuiper was also involved in the liquidation of traitors and collaborators of Police Inspector Blonk.
On 22 July 1943, in Amsterdam, Sape Kuiper, in collaboration with Henri Hugo Geul, assassinated dentist H.E.B. de Jonge-Cohen, who had been passing the addresses of Jewish patients to the SiPo. Sape Kuiper was immediately arrested after someone threw a ladder in front of his bicycle as he tried to escape. He was sentenced to death by a police court. (Tobias knew that he had been executed.)

Bakker.
Said to be an agent of the British Secret Service. Lived at Landzichtlaan 50 in Heemstede. He was arrested and was probably imprisoned in Scheveningen. Bakker had a brother who taught at the University of Amsterdam; he was also arrested.
Bakker was married to a woman known to Tobias as Sofie, who originally came from Breda. Three days after his arrest, their baby was born. After his arrest, his house was searched for a radio transmitter, which was not found. During his trial, Bakker was defended by a certain Rutting, a friend of Henk Pelser. The name Bakker may have been an alias.
Jan. Tobias met him at Bakker’s in Heemstede. Also a British agent. Height 1.73 m, about 37 years old, dark hair. He is said to have been the head of a Dutch section of the British Secret Service.

Hans Polderman. Took over Tobias’s distribution work when he left Het Parool in September 1943.

De Vries. Reliable policeman from Santpoort.

De Bruin. Same as above.

Van der Kolk. Same as above.

Van Olven.
Stock trader from Bloemendaal. Regularly traveled to Basel, Switzerland, for work. Carried letters for Tobias Sr., which he sent by mail to London from Switzerland.

Maarten, alias of Cees de Groot, C.H. de Groot, born in 1913 in The Hague. Arrested in early March 1945. Executed on 9 March 1945 at Rozenoord as a reprisal for the attack on Rauter.

Erik. According to Tobias, before he joined Het Parool, Erik was a reporter at the Utrechtsch Dagblad. Hans Warendorf knew him, and Erik was offered the opportunity to go to England to work for Radio Oranje.
This was Gerrit Jan van Heuven Goedhart, born on 19 March 1901 in Bussum, died on 8 July 1956 in Geneva. He was a Dutch journalist, politician, and resistance fighter.
Van Heuven Goedhart (Van Heuven being his added mother’s surname) was the son of a minister. After studying law at Leiden University, he became editor-in-chief of De Telegraaf at the age of 29. He was dismissed after three years due to a conflict with the owner, Hak Holdert.
He then made the Utrechts Nieuwsblad an authoritative newspaper in the 1930s through his stance against Nazi Germany. During this period, he also served as vice-chair of the Committee of Vigilance of Dutch Intellectuals against National Socialism.
During the occupation, Van Heuven Goedhart wrote, among other things, articles for the illegal newspaper Het Parool. His aliases were ‘De Graaf’ and ‘Van der Velde’. After almost the entire editorial leadership was arrested at the end of 1942, Van Heuven Goedhart was asked to take over the final editing.
His brother, Johannes Frans Goedhart (an Engelandvaarder), was executed on 15 August 1942 after being arrested for possession of weapons and documents for the Dutch government in exile in London.
He co-managed Het Parool with Mr. C.H. de Groot until April 1944. During this period, the circulation of Het Parool rose spectacularly to around 40,000. After his departure to London, the final editorial responsibilities were again taken over by Frans Goedhart, who had escaped from Kamp Vught in mid-1943.
During a new wave of arrests starting on 21 January 1944, Van Heuven Goedhart managed to avoid capture, but his identity and description (over 190 cm tall) became known to the Sicherheitspolizei. For this reason, it was decided to send him as an Engelandvaarder via the Dutch-Paris (Jean Weidner) resistance network to London to inform the government in exile about the situation of the underground press.
Via Sittard, where he received a Belgian identity card, and Leuven, he reached Brussels, where his guide handed him over to E.S. Chait, a Rotterdam timber merchant who took him to Valenciennes. Through Paris and Toulouse, he reached the Pyrenees, which he crossed on foot with the help of mountain guide Pierre Treillet. Through neutral Spain, he reached Gibraltar, from where he flew to England.
On 11 July 1944, he was appointed Minister of Justice in the Gerbrandy II cabinet. This was an unpleasant surprise for the Germans, who believed Van Heuven Goedhart was still in the Netherlands and had actively hunted him. His place on the Parool editorial team was taken over for the remainder of the war by Simon Carmiggelt.
In London, he was closely involved in the establishment and composition of the College van Vertrouwensmannen, which was tasked with acting as a governmental representation from liberation until the government returned to the Netherlands, preventing a temporary power vacuum.
From 1945, he was editor-in-chief of Het Parool, and from 1947, a member of the Senate for the PvdA. In 1950, he was appointed the first United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. At Het Parool, he was succeeded by Dr. P.J. Koets. During his tenure, the High Commissioner’s office was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Van Heuven Goedhart died suddenly in Geneva at the age of 55.

Dick van Stokkum.
D.J. van Stokkum, born 18 February 1915, died 9 November 1976. He became head of the distribution department of Het Parool. He also lived in the Nieuwe Suykerhofje. Together with Henk Pelser, he established an escape route called the "Swiss Way" (Zwitserse weg). He was arrested on 2 April 1943 and, without trial, released in mid-1944 due to lack of evidence. He studied dentistry and opened a practice in Amsterdam in 1953. (Tobias came into contact with him through the Kuiper brothers, via Dick and his sister, Suze van Stokkum.)

Suze van Stokkum.
Also probably arrested on 2 April 1943 and imprisoned at Kamp Vught. She was sentenced to three days of solitary confinement in "De Bunker" for smoking cigarettes. (Did she go to Ravensbrück after Vught?)

In Rob van Olmen’s book Recht al barstte de wereld about the life of Reina Prinsen-Geerligs, it is mentioned that a Suze van Stokken was arrested on 22 June 1943 and transferred to the women’s prison on the Amstelveenseweg. Suze is said to have died in Kamp Vught in 1944. However, her friend Tineke Wibaut-Guilonard, who was also in the camp, does not mention this in her book. She also does not appear on the "death list" of Kamp Vught.

Pooters.
P.A.M. Pooters, a member of a communist resistance movement and of CS-6, where Tobias believed he was the leader. Tobias had heard from Bram Kuiper that Pooters was directed by the British Secret Service SIS (MI6). The Dutch section was said to consist of a chief (Jan) and two sub-chiefs. One of these was reportedly Bakker, who lived at Landzichtlaan 50 in Heemstede.

Hans Krebs. Living in London, serving in the British army. Brother of Horst Krebs.

Horst Krebs. Married to Tobias’s half-sister, Dorothea Biallosterski. Both went into hiding.

Could it be that the "Swiss Way" also used a route of the Dutch-Paris organization of Jean Weidner? Apparently, there was at least some mutual contact, given the fact that Gerrit Jan van Heuven Goedhart used this organization to escape to England.